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Nick Palmer's avatar

Apropos of nothing, I wanted to pass along a quotation from a recent podcast relating to the purpose of education.

"This is what we're trying to train people in university: Be resilient in the face of voluntarily confronted entropy. At least on the cognitive side."

Jordan Peterson on his February 20, 2025 podcast with Dr. David Eagleman at about the 1 hour 30 minute mark.

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Nick Palmer's avatar

Hey Michael, this is a great essay, but perhaps too timid. I would suggest that without some appropriately “scaled” classical education, we leave any person adrift in a left-brain fog (in the true left-right sense, see McGilchrist), mistaking maps for the territory.

Much of today’s “wisdom,” as I’ve noted elsewhere, represents the brain (or person) as algorithm machine. This is bunk. Sure we “run” algorithms. Yet narrative, and interpretation of narrative is far more central to being human. Classical Education?

Try asking: Tell me about your family? No sane person will set into showing you family trees and process-flow diagrams for Christmas dinner. The sane person will tell you stories.

One doesn’t teach a child to play baseball by giving him a rulebook. Let him watch the game and try things out. It’s fascinating to read about how children actually learn to play games. Hint? It’s not the rules.

A seminal book to this point is Prof. Gerald Holton’s intimidating sounding, Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought. Holton was the first person given access to Albert Einstein’s personal writings and notes following his death. He was a prof of the history of science at Harvard. It is an elegantly written book, clear and enjoyable to wander through.

Based on his learnings from Einstein’s material and his studies of other situations, Holton posits two types of science, S1 and S2. Hoping that the good professor doesn’t read my pitiful simplification of his ideas, I’ll explain. S2 science is basically “how we explain things.” For example, I was taught that the Michaelson-Morley diffraction experiments in the late 1880s gave results incomprehensible from within the Newtonian framework. Einstein, to resolve the paradox, hit upon relativity a bit before 1910.

What Dr. Holton found, however, was that Einstein’s breakthrough ideas came not through some logical stepwise process, but sprung from a deep desire to find symmetry in universal laws. Only well after formulating his theories did it become clear that they provided an explanation for the M-M experiments.

Holton’s S1 science is “how things actually happen.” The S2 explanation I received in high school made perfect “sense” to students. First A, leading to B, leading to C. Ta da! But it was a mirage.

Much of today’s education teaches us to seek S2 explanations. Pharmaceutical companies spent uncounted billions on high-throughput screening of drug candidates aiming to increase their “innovation” by systematizing the search and assessment process. A far cry from Flemming’s discovery of penicillin. Over more than two decades HTPS has yielded unimpressive results. (But don’t ask the equipment vendors or consultants!!)

A classical education places the student in the messy world of S1. The real world! She learns to appreciate human genius not as a process, but as a gift and a mystery.

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